How Judges Score Figure Skating: Breaking Down the System

Figure skating is one of the most visually stunning and technically demanding sports in the world. But understanding figure skating scoring can feel overwhelming—especially when watching major competitions like the Winter Olympics, Grand Prix events, or the World Figure Skating Championships.

How do judges decide scores? What separates a perfect triple Axel from a flawed jump? And why does presentation matter as much as technical ability? Let’s break down the International Judging System (IJS) used in modern competitions and uncover what really goes into a figure skater’s score.

Figure Skating Scoring: The Basics

Unlike older scoring methods, modern figure skating is judged using the International Judging System (IJS), which evaluates performances in two key areas:

1. Technical Score – Based on jumps, spins, and footwork.
2. Program Components (Artistic Score) – Evaluating presentation, skating skills, and choreography.

Each competitor earns a final score by adding their technical points and program components together, minus any deductions for mistakes like falls or under-rotated jumps.

Technical Score: Evaluating Jumps, Spins, and Step Sequences

The Technical Score measures a skater’s execution of elements such as jumps, spins, and footwork. Each element carries a base value, but the final points depend on Grade of Execution (GOE)—judges award bonus or deduction points based on how well the move was performed.

Jump Scoring in Figure Skating

Jumps are the most exciting part of figure skating, but they’re also the most complex to score. Skaters must land jumps cleanly, maintain proper rotation, and execute them with power and control.

Most Common Jumps in Figure Skating

• Axel Jump – The most difficult jump, requiring an extra half rotation.
• Lutz & Flip – Differentiated by take off edges, affecting difficulty.
• Salchow & Toe Loop – Used strategically for consistent jump combinations.
• Quad Jumps (Four Rotations) – The highest-scoring element, often seen in men’s singles and elite competitions.

Jump Scoring Factors

• Fully rotated jumps earn full base value points.
• Under-rotated jumps (missing quarter or half rotation) receive deductions.
• Flawed landings (two-footed or unsteady exits) reduce overall score.
• GOE Bonuses reward exceptional jumps with clean technique, power, and height.

Spin Scoring in Figure Skating

Spins are essential for earning points, but they must display control, flexibility, and speed.

Types of Spins That Earn High Scores

• Biellmann Spin – Extreme flexibility, extending one leg overhead.
• Camel Spin – A difficult spin requiring balance and positioning.
• Combination Spins – Linking multiple positions to maximize difficulty.

Judges evaluate spins based on rotation speed, stability, and creativity, assigning GOE bonuses for difficult variations.

Step Sequences & Transitions

Beyond jumps and spins, step sequences and transitions help skaters showcase their skating skills and edge quality. Judges assess:

• Speed control – How seamlessly skaters move between elements.
• Precision of footwork – Use of deep edges and complex turns.
• Overall difficulty – More intricate patterns earn higher scores.

Program Components: The Artistic Side of Figure Skating Scoring

Beyond the technical elements, figure skating artistry plays a crucial role in how judges evaluate performances. Skaters receive scores based on five Program Components:

1. Skating Skills – Edge control, speed, flow across the ice.
2. Transitions – Smooth movements between jumps and spins.
3. Performance & Execution – Expressiveness, body control, and musical interpretation.
4. Choreography – Structure and design of routines.
5. Interpretation of Music – Connection between movement and soundtrack.

A skater’s ability to engage the audience and convey emotion can boost their final score significantly.

Deductions & Common Scoring Penalties in Figure Skating

Judges also deduct points for mistakes, including:

• Falls (-1 per fall).
• Under-rotated or downgraded jumps, reducing base value.
• Edge errors on Lutz and Flip jumps.
• Poor spin positioning or exit errors.

Final Thoughts: Why Scoring in Figure Skating Is So Complex

While jumps, spins, and footwork contribute to the technical score, the artistry, flow, and presentation of a routine are equally crucial. The best skaters combine power, elegance, and musical storytelling, balancing athletic precision with artistic expression.

By understanding how scoring works in figure skating, fans and skaters alike can appreciate the complexity behind every performance—from breath-taking quad jumps to mesmerizing choreography that elevates the sport.